An acoustic energy attenuation model is built for analysis on target localization problem based on energy

and this problem is converted into non-linear least square problem

and distributed incremental gradient algorithm is introduced to solve the optimal value of objective function. Because of the objective function is strict convex function

the algorithm can be converged to target position rapidly without considering the location of initial point

this algorithm can be executed only needs information of adjacent sensors

it is a distributed algorithm.Digital experiment demonstrates that distributed incremental gradient algorithm not only has fast convergence speed but also can locate more accurately.