When dynamically calibrating three-dimensional force piezoelectric sensors

the amplitude of harmonic detection signals decreases while noise increases with the rise of excitation frequency

affecting the amplitude ratio and precision of phase difference detection.To address this issue

a denoising algorithm that integrates the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm

variational mode decomposition(VMD)

and wavelet threshold are proposed.With the minimum envelope entropy as the objective

the GWO algorithm is used to optimize the modal number

K

and penalty coefficient

α

in VMD.After screening key intrinsic mode function(IMF)for wavelet threshold denoising processing is conducted

and si

gnal reconstruction is achieved.Both simulation and experimental results indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced to 32.35dB after denoising

and root mean square error(RMSE)and waveform similarity are improved simultaneously

significantly increases the accuracy of signal detection.