Ant colony-aided reinforcement learning-based routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

FENG Xiaomei; ZHANG Yuzhi; LI Mengfan; HAN Xiang

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Ant colony-aided reinforcement learning-based routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Research & Approach | 更新时间：2025-12-30

- Ant colony-aided reinforcement learning-based routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks
- Vol. 44, Issue 12, Pages: 57-63(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安科技大学通信与信息工程学院,陕西,西安,710054
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TP212;TN929
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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FENG Xiaomei, ZHANG Yuzhi, LI Mengfan, et al. Ant colony-aided reinforcement learning-based routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks[J]. 2025, 44(12): 57-63.
DOI：

FENG Xiaomei, ZHANG Yuzhi, LI Mengfan, et al. Ant colony-aided reinforcement learning-based routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks[J]. 2025, 44(12): 57-63. DOI：

摘要

水声传感器网络(UASNs)存在传输可靠性低、高能耗和长传输时延等问题。针对该问题，提出了一种蚁群辅助强化学习的机会路由(ACO-RL-OR)协议。在该协议中，首先设计了蚁群优化（ACO）算法辅助强化学习的全局决策函数，将ACO算法中的信息素和强化学习中的

值综合作为动作策略以确定全局最优路由。然后建立有效的奖励表达式，并通过蚂蚁在所走的路径上遗留的信息素，找到路由跳数最少的全局最优路径。最后将

值引入节点的保持时间中，提高协议实时性。仿真结果表明：与其他的水声路由协议相比，所提协议在包交付率(PDR)、能耗、网络寿命和端到端时延方面等均表现良好。

Abstract

Underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs)have problems such as low transmission reliability

high energy consumption

and long transmission delays.To address these problems

a ant colony-aided reinforcement learning opportunistic routing (ACO-RL-OR)protocol is proposed.In this protocol

firstly

a global decision function for ant colony optimization(ACO)algorithm-aided is designed

and the pheromone in the ACO algorithm and the

value in reinforcement learing are combined as action strategies to determine the globally optimal route.Then

an effective reward expression is established

and the globally optimal path with the minim

um number of routing hops is found through the pheromones left by the ants on the path taken.Finally

the

value is introduced into the holding time of nodes to improve the real-time performance of the protocol.Simulation results show that compared with other underwater acoustic routing protocols

the proposed protocol performs well in terms of packet delivery rate(PDR)

energy consumption

network lifetime

and end-to-end delay.

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