How to effectively balance the level of energy consumption across the network to avoid the formation of the energy hole is an important issue of wireless sensor networks routing.How to effectively deploy nodes to avoid the"energy hole"and to realize the maximum network efficiency is a challenging research topic.On the basis of characteristics of wireless sensor networks

quantum energy hole avoidance algorithm based on quantum immunity is proposed.It has advantages of fast

convergence

combined with immune theory research has been made to design efficient quantum immune optimization algorithm.Comparative experimental results show that the algorithm can not only avoid the"energy hole"

but also can improve network efficiency compared with non-uniform algorithms.