Because of the sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks（WSNs） are equipped with limited energy supply how to realize

load balance of the nodes and to prolong the networks lifetime are the burning question.A multi-path data transmission protocol is proposed.To balance the load over the sensor nodes and extend the lifetime of the networks

the scheme uses critical path priority principle to select the suitable paths and delete the paths which are not suitable for data transmission

and assign the data for all the data transmission paths with residual energy balancing.Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme can significantly prolong lifetime of the network

prolong network lifetime longer than 37 % compared with some other existing multi-path data transmission algorithms.