To solve the problem of particle filtering（PF） algorithm occur poor particle quantity in resampling

usually uses increasing number of particles in the process of state estimation

but this method will reduce the real-time performance of the algorithm

a backbone particle swarm optimization（BBPSO） PF algorithm based on GPU is proposed.Firstly

the backbone particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize particle filter resampling.Secondly

using the characteristics of independent operation between particle groups in backbone particle swarm optimization

the particle filtering algorithm of backbone particle swarm optimization is implemented in parallel on GPU

so as to solve the problem that the particle filtering algorithm cannot fully parallel compute due to data association in the process of resamping.Finally

it is applied to the fault detection of variable pitch system to improve the accuracy and real-time of fault detection.Experimental results show that the error of the proposed method is reduced by 31.2 % and the real-time performance is improved by 82.7 %.