Aiming at the problem that enclosed fused deposition modeling（FDM） 3D printer nozzle temperature affected by environmental temperature

internal heating element of printer

cooling performance of the printing

spray system and the air flow velocity

nozzle temperature control change complicated and non-linear

the traditional proportional-integral-differential（PID） control can’t meet the demand for printing

an improved whales is put forward to optimize back propagation（BP）-PID controller of PID parameter adaptive control

thus can accurately control the nozzle temperature.The experimental results show that optimizing ability of the improved whale optimization algorithm is stronger than the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm

and nozzle temperature controller based on BP-PID optimized by the improved whale algorithm has a faster stable speed and stronger adaptive ability.