In order to balance energy consumption of wireless sensor networks and prolong the network lifetime

a tree-chain uneven cluster hybrid multi-hop（ TUCHM） routing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm introduces the angle control between candidate cluster heads so as to optimize the cluster head selection method

constructs a tree-type chain uneven cluster structure to optimize the clustering strategy

utilizes the hybrid hierarchical network topology structure

and improves the path selection probability model and pheromone update model of ant colony algorithm to achieve hybrid multi-hop transmit data

so as to eliminate the shortcomings of clustering routing algorithms such as LEACH with long-distance single-hop transmission in clusters and long-distance single-hop transmission from cluster heads to Sink node in large area simulation environment. Simulation results show that compared with LEACH and DEEC algorithm

TUCHM algorithm has excellent performance in terms of the number of surviving nodes per round

the stability period and lifetime period of the network

and the variance of the residual energy of the nodes.