Aiming at the disadvantages of unreasonable clustering size of LEACH protocol and unbalanced network energy consumption

on the basis of LEACH protocol

the threshold calculation formula for the candidate cluster heads is improved by introducing the cluster head energy decision factor based on average ideal cluster radius

the"hot zone"correlation decision factor

the intra-cluster compactness decision factor and the node density decision factor in the clustering stage. The candidate cluster heads are selected to become true cluster heads with an improved dynamic competitive radius. The next hop routing is selected in data transmission phase

three factors of cluster head residual energy

link cost and data transmission direction are considered. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm shows good adaptability

it can effectively balance network energy consumption and prolong network life cycle.