In order to solve the problem of uneven distribution of cluster heads

unreasonable election and single routing in low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy（ LEACH） algorithm

an efficient and energy-saving clustering routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks（ WSNs）（ ECRAW） is proposed. The formation of clusters is improved by using genetic algorithm and gravitation. The selection of the cluster head is optimized by considering residual energy of the node

the distance between the node and the base station（ BS）

the distance between the node and the center of the cluster. The multi-hop communication between cluster head and BS is established through communication cost function. Simulation results show that compared with LEACH and LEACH-energy comparison（ EC） algorithm

ECRAW algorithm significantly reduces the energy consumption of the network

balances the energy consumption of nodes

and prolongs the network lifetime.