Propose a modified greedy perimeter stateless routing（ GPSR） routing protocol based on energy gradient and distance to solve problems of routing hotspot and energy consumption too fast of GPSR protocol. When the query message transmits along the routing path

choose the next-hop node

according to energy of the previous node and distance between the current node and the destination node; then

modify the node according to the energy threshold and the number of neighbor nodes

so as to balance energy consumption. The simulation results show that the improved GPSR protocol prolongs the network life cycle effectively

and avoids redundant data transmission at the beginning of the network.